农户对农业农村信息化认知的影响因素分析——基于甘肃地区农户的样本调查

当代农业信息在推动农村经济发展、增加农民收入方面发挥着越来越重要的作用.农户是农业信息消费与需求的重要主体之一,他们对信息化的认知对农业农村信息化建设工作具有重要影响.在对甘肃地区农户样本调查数据进行多重线性回归分析的基础上,得出农户人均收入水平、耕地面积、农田水利条件等因素对农户认知农业农村信息化有重要的促进作用,提出了相关对策和建议.     

生态农业系统综合效益评价研究动态与展望

总结了国内外生态农业发展和生态农业系统生态经济评价体系及评价的方法，阐述了生态农业综合效益评价的特点及国内外研究的最新动态。提出土壤健康在农业持续发展评价中的重要性。最后指出了生态-经济系统整合模型在建立生态农业最优化模式中的应用前景。     

污水快速渗滤土地处理研究进展

针对RI系统的污染物去除机制、运行方式、系统恢复以及实践应用等方面的研究进展作一综述。RI技术的应用有着广阔的前景 ,必将促进我国环境保护与生态建设的发展     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.     

Assessing the Effectiveness of Winter Cover Crops for Controlling Agricultural Nutrient Losses

A nutrient loss reduction strategy is necessary to guide the efforts of improving water quality downstream of an agricultural watershed. In this study, the effectiveness of two winter cover crops, namely cereal rye and annual ryegrass, is explored as a loss reduction strategy in a watershed that ultimately drains into a water supply reservoir. Using a coupled optimization-watershed model, optimal placements of the cover crops were identified that would result in the tradeoffs between nitrate-N losses reduction and adoption levels. Analysis of the 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% adoption levels extracted from the optimal tradeoffs showed that the cover crop placements would provide annual nitrate-N loss reductions of 3.0%–3.7%, 7.8%–8.8%, 15%–17.5%, and 20.9%–24.3%, respectively. In addition, for the same adoption levels (i.e., 10%–75%), sediment (1.8%–17.7%), and total phosphorus losses (0.8%–8.6%) could be achieved. Results also indicate that implementing each cover crop on all croplands of the watershed could cause annual water yield reduction of at least 4.8%, with greater than 28% in the months of October and November. This could potentially be detrimental to the storage volume of the downstream reservoir, especially in drought years, if cover crops are adopted in most of the reservoir's drainage area. Evaluating water yield impacts, particularly in periods of low flows, is thus critical if cover crops are to be considered as best management practices in water supply watersheds.     

Identification and characterization of extracted microplastics from agricultural soil near industrial area: FTIR and X-ray diffraction method

Microplastics have been found in large quantities in agricultural soil and now become a major global issue. Different types of microplastic have adverse effects on agricultural soil. The most widely used method for the extraction of microplastics in agricultural soil is the density floatation method by using saturated NaCl solution. This method includes the pre-digestion of soil samples with H₂O₂ to remove all the organic matter present in the soil. Different types of microplastic particles were extracted and identified by using ATR-FTIR viz polypropylene, polybutylene tetrapthalate, polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene tetrapthalate. The crystalline nature of extracted microplastic was checked by employing XRD analytical technique. Floatation with higher density saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution recovered approximately 80% MPs from soil. Floatation methods were found to be effective for extracting microplastics from soils.     

西宁市农牧源氨排放清单及其分布特征

以西宁市为研究区域,通过实地调研获得西宁市农牧源活动水平数据,利用排放因子法编制了西宁市2018年农牧源氨排放清单.分析了西宁市农牧源氨排放特征,利用ArcGIS进行3 km×3 km的空间网格化分配,利用蒙特卡罗模拟对畜禽养殖和氮肥施用氨排放清单进行不确定性分析.结果表明,西宁市2018年农牧源氨排放总量为4 644...     

昌吉硫磺沟矿区地表沉陷区的土地整治与生态恢复

针对昌吉市硫磺沟矿区煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷及其对矿区地表及环境破坏的影响,以减轻地表沉陷危害程度、恢复矿区所在地的生态功能为目标,按照采矿区塌陷类型、塌陷坑大小及塌陷区地理环境,采用不同的土地整治与生态恢复措施,在防治和控制矿区地表沉陷引起的生态破坏及生态环境保护方面取得很好的成果与经验.     

基于GEE的1998～2018年京津冀土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

在京津冀地区可持续发展评估研究中,对生态系统服务价值进行动态估算具有重要意义.本文以京津冀地区为研究区,基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE)云平台采用分类决策树(CART)分类算法对研究区内1998、2003、2008、2013及2018年的Landsat TM/OLI影像进行监督分类得到5个时期土地利用数据并定量分析1998～2018年京津冀地区土地利用动态变化规律,再利用生态服务价值(ESV)当量估算方法定量估算京津冀地区的ESV并结合15 km×15 km尺度格网探明其时空动态变化.结果表明:①1998～2018年间,京津冀地区6种土地利用类型中建设用地(增加16. 67%)及草地(减少13. 73%)面积占比变化幅度最大,水体(减少0. 2%)面积占比变化幅度最小.②京津冀地区ESV总价值在1998～2003年间出现短暂增长(增加91. 97亿元),2003～2018年间持续降低(减少239. 07亿元),主要与建设用地面积在除1998～2003年的其余3个时间段扩张较快有关,6种土地利用类型中林地提供的ESV最高,建设用地及未利用土地提供的ESV最低.③基于15 km×15 km尺度格网的ESV时空分析表明,1998～2018年间京津冀地区ESV中等区逐渐较少,ESV较低区及较高区逐渐增加,且ESV较低区增速高于较高区.④1998～2018年间,京津冀地区6种土地利用类型对价值系数的敏感性系数(SI)范围为0～0. 40,且均低于1,表明本文ESV对修订后的生态系统服务价值系数缺乏弹性,证明本文定量估算ESV的结果是可靠的.在未来经济发展中,京津冀地区应合理优化土地利用格局,加强对林地、草地、水体及耕地的保护.研究可为制定可持续发展战略,建设生态友好型社会提供参考.     

利用方式对紫色水稻土有机碳与颗粒态有机碳的影响

土壤是陆地生态系统中重要的动态碳库,其微小的变化可能带来对全球大气CO2浓度的较大变化。颗粒态有机碳在土壤中周转速度较快,比土壤总有机碳更易受土地利用方式的影响,对于评价土地利用变化对土壤碳固定过程影响具有重要意义。采集不同的耕作、轮作和施肥处理的14年28茬的紫色土长期试验土壤,分析有机碳与颗粒态有机碳含量在土壤及不同深度分布特点,结果表明:长期垄作免耕并实行水稻(Oryza sativa)油菜(Brassica)轮作的利用方式下,0～10cm土层土壤有机碳与颗粒态有机碳含量明显高于其他利用方式下,而稻油水旱轮作平作利用方式下最低。整个耕层0～30cm深度的土壤有机碳含量介于8.92～29.98g·kg-1之间,颗粒态有机碳含量变幅为0.54～3.43g·kg-1之间,且存在随深度递增而降低的趋势。土壤有机碳与颗粒态有机碳都可用作评价利用方式影响紫色水稻土土壤质量变化与固碳能力的有效指标,但颗粒有机碳对于管理措施的响应更为敏感。从总有机碳与颗粒有机碳的关系来看,不同管理下有机碳的增加与土壤物理保护能力的提高有关。垄作免耕(稻油)的利用方式最有利于有机碳的保护和稳定。